Solar Pv Battery Storage

Solar PV battery storage is a comprehensive energy solution that combines solar photovoltaic power generation system with energy storage technology, the core of which is to store excess electrical energy in batteries after photovoltaic panels generate electricity, and use it for use when the light is insufficient (such as night and cloudy days) or when electricity consumption is peak, so as to achieve closed-loop energy management of "self-consumption, waste power storage, and emergency backup". It is a key technology to solve the problem of "intermittency" and "volatility" of solar energy, and it is also the core support to promote the upgrading of photovoltaic energy from "supplementary energy" to "main energy".
1. Basic Definition and Core Values
The essence of solar photovoltaic cell energy storage system is: "photovoltaic power generation, electric energy storage, intelligent scheduling" trinity system.

Photovoltaic (PV): Photovoltaic panels convert sunlight energy into direct current;
Energy storage battery: stores excess DC power from photovoltaics (usually chemical energy storage, such as lithium batteries);
Intelligent scheduling: Through inverters, battery management systems (BMS) and other equipment, the dynamic balance of "power generation, storage, and consumption" is realized.

Its core value is to break the limitations of solar energy, increase the self-consumption rate of photovoltaic power (from 30%-50% to more than 80% of traditional grid-connected systems), reduce dependence on the grid, and provide reliable backup power in the event of a power outage.
2. Core components and functions
A complete solar PV battery energy storage system consists of 5 core components, each of which works together to achieve energy generation, conversion, storage and distribution:

PV Array
It consists of multiple photovoltaic panels connected in series/parallel, and its core function is to convert sunlight energy into direct current (DC).
Efficiency key: MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) technology (integrated in the inverter) tracks the optimal operating point of the PV panels in real time to ensure maximum power generation efficiency, especially when the light intensity changes.
Storage Battery
The system's "energy storehouse", which is responsible for storing excess PV energy. At present, lithium-ion batteries (such as lithium iron phosphate battery LiFePO₄, accounting for more than 70% of the market) are mainstream because of their high safety, long cycle life (2000-6000 cycles), and stable low-temperature performance; A few scenarios use lead-acid batteries (low cost but short life) or flow batteries (long-term energy storage).
Capacity design: determined according to the user's average daily electricity consumption, photovoltaic power generation and backup power demand (such as 5-20kWh for households and 50-500kWh for industry and commerce).
Hybrid Inverter
The core functions of the system's "energy converter and dispatch center" include:
DC/AC conversion: Converts direct current from photovoltaic panels and direct current from batteries into alternating current (AC) for domestic/industrial use;
Charge and discharge control: when photovoltaic power generation > electricity, control battery charging; When photovoltaic power generation < electricity, control the battery discharge supplement;
Grid Interaction: Support and Integration